muzzle velocity calculator

If youve hit a deer, you can give him ample time to lay down and bleed, tracking a blood trail as necessary. Pressure isnt as critical as people think, either. However, death can take anywhere from 10 seconds to a full hour depending on how fast they bleed. Muzzle velocity changes to an estimated amount of fps. It will a produce a line graph showing the bullet drop and flight path of the bullet. All the ballistics from all manufacturers, finally in one place. That load produces 2400fps from a 13.5 barrel. 2. Instead, it is a rather ethereal figure that can only be computed using the previously mentioned formula. Make note of this. What should come first:consistency. Here's how to do it. 3. . So it comes down to what you want to do. Even within AR-15s, muzzle velocity might be very different from gun to gun. Youtube, ABOUT US Dude calm down aint nobodys advocating killing american LE and MIL when there is not a revolution going on. Considering that a bullet from a Marine M40A5 is only seven grains heavier and a paltry 100fps faster coming out of a 24 barrel, Id say were doing just fine with the shorter barrel. Thats good to know, I havent hunted with the hornady hpbt bullets ever, but I am working on loads for a 168gr and 185gr Berger bullet which are holding promise. This number can be used to get a rough idea of a rounds destructive potential. 5865 S 77th Street For example, if we know our 185 grain bullet shoots at 2,775 fps out of our rifle, and we'd like to estimate the velocity of a 200 grain bullet we'd like to try, \(v_{known}\) is 2,775, \(m_{known}\) is 185, and \(m_{new}\) is 200. window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; Sight Height (in) . I HATE MATH !!!!!!! Weight. In addition, the muzzle velocity also affects the projectile's trajectory and terminal velocity. EDUCATION 101. Youll discover that you will certainly want a temp-stable powder like Varget. Zero Range. Understanding and studying the kinetic energy of a bullet is important in determining terminal ballistic performance. Just buy a chronograph, then you know for sure what your velocities are. Our goal is to make science relevant and fun for everyone. Calculators are for running ball park estimates and a program for black would work as programs created for smokeless. Since my long range shooting primarily revolves around hunting, velocity also matters quite a bit where your bullet has a specific velocity threshold where it will expand and disrupt tissue as opposed to turning into a copper and lead ice pick, and your deer runs off to be eaten alive by coyotes. As is well known in the art, muzzle velocity is dependant upon such factors such as ammunition power burn rate, the . That said, this article isnt about my rifle. Typical handguns have muzzle velocities in the range of 1,000 ft/s, which means that such a bullet would travel a mile in a little over five seconds if it hit nothing or did not fall to the ground by that point. I shoot way too many different rifles and loads, so having a good bc and mv, when I can get them, might be quicker than even your method. You'll need to Sign In or create a Ballistix Account if you'd like save your calculation data. If you arent shooting with a true first focal plane mil/mil scope right now, youre seriously handicapping yourself both at the range and in the field. For a better experience, please enable JavaScript in your browser before proceeding. Use the calculator below to calculate the kinetic energy of a bullet. Abstract. The energy in Winchester Train rounds is sufficient to take down a threat in most defensive situations, the problem is where the energy goes. Use this ballistic calculator in order to calculate the flight path of a bullet given the shooting parameters that meet your conditions. Range (yards) Range Velocity Damage Penetration Power Drop Time of Flight; 0 y: 0.00 fps: Contact Us. Shut up! We have better things now and these advanced optics and rifles will become the overwhelming standard in the next few years. Ill have to butt heads with this page over the course of several days to see what I can glean from it. Getting hard . + 1 inch at 50 yards, 0 at 100 yards, -5.2 at 150 yards, and -15.3 at 200 yards. One frequently hears the expression describing an . You can hover over the question mark icon on any field to learn more about how that field will impact your calculation. However, the Train rounds would be a poor choice for loading your concealed carry weapon. This muzzle energy calculator should prove pretty useful in a wide variety of applications. Pellet Weight: Grain. There isnt any shame in missing. The benefits offered by a that kind of scopeare literally too many to list. In the next set of inputs, dont really mess with most of that. Ive been hunting with Hornady 168 HPBT match bullets for years and Ive never had an issue. Getting ones load standard deviation down into single digits of fps is challenging, but it can be done. Black Powder Shotguns Are Freaking Sweet! Here we specifically present the form these equations take in the case of projectile motion. Dont do that. For a game animal or a human attacker to die, there must be sufficient blood loss, usually through significant damage to the vascular system or a major blood-bearing organ. The website will also let you include a zero at Point Blank Range, which is great for guys with the duplex reticles. It is by no means a calculator, as it uses averages and gives ballpark figures. For my example, I will be using data from my .308 load of choice, which is a 168gr Hornady HPBT, Lapua brass, CCI 200 primer, and 43gr of Varget. Sighting (yards) Range Card. . On your calculator, enter the following, being sure to enter the parentheses " ( )" characters in the equation. Actually, for me, nothing is quick at the range. I appreciate and use the JBM site regularly as well. Yes you can. And the expansion does more than slow the progress of the projectile, it also carves a wider wound channel than a comparable FMJ, creating more damage and more blood loss. Instagram You still dont know jack at the end of the procedure. This muzzle energy calculator should prove pretty useful in a wide variety of applications. No wait. In old westerns, we often see kinetic energy exaggerated as the bad guy flies backward after being shot. Now, if I drop muzzle velocity to 2400fps that brings minimum expansion range all the way in to ~325 yds. Data points can be expanded on by altering variables from a constant. That time, you hadeverything justright. Id like to add a couple of things to what Josh said here: Mostly true. Fpe - The bullet energy in foot-pounds at that distance. Please turn it on so that you can experience the full capabilities of this site. For years now Ive been a long distance shooter. If the mass m and muzzle velocity v of a bullet are known, its kinetic energy and momentum can be determined from the relationships Ek = (1/2)mv2 and momentum p = mv. Ive had access to literally any gun of my choice regardless of price over the years. Although death may still come in the end, it isnt the actual goal. the muzzle). The following improvements will be made: Please sign up for our newsletter so that you can be alerted the moment these new features are launched! Your information will never be shared and you can unsubscribe with one click at anytime. It is left set at the default of .5. 5.1 again, but the hard way. Based on the fact that there arenttoo many velocities that will get your given bullet from A to B and put them all in the same place, you are then able to do the last and most critical part of this whole process. Thinking that missing by just a little bit is better than taking a few minutes to set up a chronograph is short sighted silliness. So what is muzzle energy all about and why should you care about a calculator that helps you determine it? The more complicated answer: Muzzle energy is the measure of kinetic energy a projectile carries when it exits a firearm. Ahh, the science of walking it in and then running calculations backward. They are focused on PRS competition, which is fine, but there so few actual competitors in that that they may just write it up on Olympic biathlon. Actually look down your crosshair and see where the mil lines are. Also, Microsoft Paint. Muzzle Velocity Calculator Ballistics Calculators Diameter (in) Weight (gr) Ballistic Coefficient (G1) Sectional density = 0.226. Because the length of the barrel greatly affects both the velocity and energy generated at the muzzle, the figures touted by the manufacturer arent precise and certainly wont be specific to your particularly firearm. 300 Blackout, not just for sub-sonics. Velocity doesnt matter at all. Too fast. If you are using a screen reader or other assistive technology and are having problems using this website, or if you have any other difficulties accessing this website, I know what youre thinking. I forgot to mention that I also have shot .300 BLK out to long ranges and found the hits to be easy to make. Some police firearms are equipped to discharge bullets at over 1,500 ft/s. The more we all know, the better organized and stronger the shooting and hunting community will be. The latter is the way to go, but even there I get funny results maybe errors on my part in recording exactly what load Im shooting, but it happens a lot. Note: my opinions on shooting arent entirelypopular with the shooting community. Different brands and batches of blackpowder will vary and that can't be put into the program because it won't be known. Wait. Can't say this will help, but I'll say it anyway. I have five, all read differently by 100s of fps. than trying to say simply if a bullet is stable or unstable. Youre good to go after checking range in meters, so press calculate. Get out that barely-relevant copy of The Ultimate Sniper and hope that it holds the answers. A powerful .22 caliber air rifle such as a Benjamin Discovery or Marauder fires a 14.3 grain pellet with a muzzle velocity of approximately 900 ft/sec. Ballistics Calculator. There will be some variance, but we can work with that. Theres no practical difference at all. Lyman found that barrel and load would give about 1573 fps muzzle velocity. It all depends on what you consider long range to be. Glad to see another 308-ophile! I would like to shoot longer ranges, but I only have about 300 yards at the longest. Set max as your actual max, so 500m for me. Doesnt this mean your method of attaining MV may yeild a wrong value for MV? Worry not, friend, I wont come out empty-handed. Other variables like how slippery is the patch/lube/barrel also won't be known. See the Resources for an online tool that allows for the input of very granular information about specific firearms and bullets to achieve estimates of muzzle velocity and other data related to ballistics. But why shoot a little gun like that when you could shoot another one? There is nothing to look at except for the last yard line. And it is time consuming getting the data out of the chrono and into a spreadsheet. Distance from measurement point to muzzle (yards), Ballistic coefficient (G1) under standard conditions, Free recoil energy of the firearm (ft-lb), Barometric Pressure: 750 mm Hg = 29.53 inches Hg. Thats not nothing. Were at 5.6, so too slow. gave figures of 1,227 fps and 1,380 fps respectively. Bullet Energy . Thanks. Our projectile motion calculator is a tool that helps you analyze parabolic projectile motion. No crimp. Great read, where in West Michigan is there a 500 meter range? yards. So what do us normal guys who dont try out fifty handloads in one sitting do? Is there a calculator out there somewhere on the interseine for estimating black powder velocities? | 115gr | 1140 fps | 332 |, Thanks again for using our free muzzle energy calculator tool. Just enter bullet weight and velocity, and this handy foot pounds of energy calculator will return a muzzle energy value, in foot-pounds of energy. Triple the mass triples the energy. Standard Metro conditions are: To calculate the free recoil energy of a firearm, the weight of the gun, the weight of the powder charge, the weight of the bullet or shot+wad and the muzzle velocity are required. Few people completely understand the math necessary to calculate muzzle energy. Sure you want a hard-hitting round to ensure adequate energy transfer and penetration, but you also need to consider bullet design. I agree with your short&thick=rigidity=PRECISION. Re: Muzzle velocity and barrel length. I was kidding. The bullet hits next to the 2 line. Heres where it gets interesting. A lot can happen between the muzzle and target impact. Play around with temps and such. An important factor in any calculation of muzzle velocity is going to be the energy output - power - whatever you want to call it - of the powder you are using. Examine the problem to find the displacement of the object and its initial velocity. (Feet Per . More INSANE Airsoft Gameplay from my first time at Code Red. Those were the CCI 40-grain Polymer Coated Clean-22 and the Eley 38-grain Subsonic Hollow Point . Fire again twice. In this guide, well examine why muzzle velocity is important and how you can use it to be a more effective hunter and more prepared self-defense shooter. Remember, it isnt about speed or barrel length. Im shooting .308 Winchester out of a 26 inch barrel (but that is immaterial). What's A Typical .308 Winchester Muzzle Velocity. That said, Ill elaborate on how to maximize your accuracy with a standard duplex reticle but it wont be easy. Onceyou have your super-consistent load, zero it at 100yds/m. Lord, that .06 is gonna kill us. This is something that is known as muzzle velocity, and it is a very important factor in determining which bullet cartridges will give their best performance at any given distance based on their weight and speed.. The standard deviation (aka "SD") is a measurement that shows how much variation from the average number exists in a sample. They are about like guys in F Class. How do I use the ballistics calculator? Select your ammunition to prefill the following data attributes or enter your own values. On the other hand, Winchester Defend rounds are topped with jacketed hollow points. The function is only intended for short distances, less than (or maximum) 25 m/yds. Wad weight (gr) I would call this a reference more than a calculator. You may add items to the list on the right in order to create a bar graph comparing the different items. Muzzle energy is the amount of energy a bullet carries right out of the barrel. Since youre shooting with mils, make note of the impact. This information in turn can reveal a lot about the sort of biological and other effects that can result from the single discharge of a firearm. To convert from ft/s to m/s, divide by 3.28. Chronographs can be had for around $100 and they definitely have their place. . While a good indicator of raw performance, it only gives the consumer a vague idea of how effective that ammunition will be. This is repeated in Winchester's Power Max cartridges. Now line up and fire at the dirt in the berm next to it. But I can sorta verify bcs by measuring at the muzzle and downrange (Superchrono downrange) and calculating from those values. Big deal right? Its reactive and gives instant feedback. If you are chasing that last 25-50fps out of a given rifle/load at the expense of dangerous pressures, decreased brass life , and especially when that extra velocity might take you off the accuracy node of your barrel, then yes velocity doesnt matter. CONNECT WITH US All my current deer spots max at 125-150(swamps and thickets) thats why I switched to .300 blackout exclusively. Its a game when its on paper for score, not life and death. Sure enough, you have holes at 2.1 mils. Get the very best gear you can afford and make the most out of each shot. I like their stuff because I get it, but I have a hard time agreeing with some of their ideas. Mine is averaged at 29.92. Take that meter stick and make lines on your target. Death comes when the brain is deprived of oxygen. It looks like that first shot may have been down 4.5 mils. Copyright Ammotogo.com 2023 All Rights Reserved. Gun publications and avid shooters can run on endlessly about the energy of certain cartridges and even specific brands of cartridges. Move your reticle over to your target and hold the nearest round mil onto the dot in the middle of your target. A simple, easy to use muzzle energy calculator to find out foot pounds of energy of a projectile. Muzzle Velocity and Down-Range Velocity All of these calculators find the muzzle velocity at the shooting temperature by using linear interpolation given two muzzle velocities and two temperatures. There are many other variables that can affect the bullet . Hold steady while we get the issue in our sights. Ooooook, Yeah, but you get much more use out of high quality glass than a chronograph that will wind up shot, sooner rather than later. Simple is not always better and when it comes to making hits and winning matches, I dont ever want to walk rounds on. x and y are horizontal and vertical displacement in meters (m), t is time in seconds (s), a is acceleration in m/s2, and g = the acceleration due to gravity on Earth, 9.81 m/s2. I dont doubt you Josh , it just doesnt appeal to me and Ive been a reloader for 25 years . The Accura LR boasts a 300-yard shooting capability by providing better velocity through its 30" Nitride-treated Bergara barrel. Help me identify this beautiful flintlock rifle, please. So, real world performance can vary greatly. No, not really. The calculator allows for plasticity of data across a full spectrum of environmental conditions. Since the AR-15 rifle is such a highly customizable gun, there are various features you can change which impact muzzle velocity, and we'll examine them below. So, your practice shooting will be similar to what you will experience if you fire your weapon in a defensive situation. Its about building a range card based on data. After you make those shots, drive down and put markers or draw visible indicators over your bullet holes, which are certainly (or should be) directly under your target center. + .7 inches at 50 yards, 0 at 100 yards, -4 inches at 150, and -12.1 at 200. In fact, the faster an object is moving, the more kinetic energy it has. Drift - The horizontal drift from a cross wind. A spotter who can communicate quickly and with clarity the correct distances between misses . A large target , painted flat white rigid cardboard or plywood , about 4 x 8 . Is that bullet even moving? A low number indicates most numbers are close to the average. Anyways, go to jbmballistics.com and begin punching numbers. This is the major problem with using FMJs for anything other than target shooting and recreational plinking. So for existing firearms, longer barrels equal higher muzzle velocity and therefore increased muzzle energy. Interactive Escape from Tarkov ballistics calculator . What Im about to say will bunch a lot of shorts in a lot of places. However, that doesnt mean real science and math werent used to come up with these numbers. Something totally and boringly predictable. I select the Litz version of the Hornady 168 HPBT on the scroll menu. ; Add both the resultants and divide them with the mass of the firearm in grams to get velocity of the firearm. The 300 Blackout's .30 caliber bullet can be made especially long, and as the result may weigh up to 220 grains quadruple the weight of the typical 223 Rem round's. So heavy a bullet conveys a subsonic muzzle velocity and correspondingly softer report. Plus, Id never shoot an animal at that range and on targets it doesnt matter. What would you consider the max hunting / target range of your platform? a gun image by timur1970 from Fotolia.com. What We Use To understand this, think about how hard a baseball would hit you when tossed by a four year-old versus its impact when pitched by Randy Johnson. Its an important piece of the puzzle and shooters who understand ammunition performance can use muzzle energy calculations to their advantage. Whether you need help solving quadratic equations, inspiration for the upcoming science fair or the latest update on a major storm, Sciencing is here to help. This Airgun Energy Calculator is a simple widget designed to take the velocity of a projectile (bb, pellet, dart or bullet), its weight in grains, and calculate the foot pounds of energy (fpe) at the muzzle. Use only your reticle, which should have real mils on it. Muzzle Energy will be rounded to the nearest whole number. This will make the feel and point-of-aim comparable. If thats a fast load, then good for you. Trajectory Calculation - Muzzle Velocity Without Chronograph. Quick! Long range on the target line starts at 600m. 1000 is an imaginary landmark in rifle accuracy. If you aren't given the value of the acceleration but instead know the firing pressure inside the barrel, a muzzle velocity formula can be derived from the relationships between net force F (mass times acceleration), area A, mass m, pressure P (force divided by area) and acceleration a (force divided by mass). Muzzle velocity and energy are often stamped right on ammo packaging. The firearm generates a muzzle energy of approximately 130 ft lbs of energy at the muzzle whereas that of the air rifle is only about 26 ft lbs. This page over the years your platform you could shoot another one variety applications! Indicates most numbers are close to the list on the target line starts at 600m read differently by 100s fps. Goal is to make to be easy simple is not a revolution going on and even specific of! Onto the dot in the berm next to it what you will certainly want a hard-hitting round to adequate... X 8 |, Thanks again for using our free muzzle energy all about and why you. Of energy a bullet carries right out of a bullet given the shooting community agreeing with some of ideas! Of fps 0 at 100 yards, -4 inches at 50 yards 0... Kind of scopeare literally too many to list select your ammunition to prefill the following data attributes or your. Look down your crosshair and see where the mil lines are will help, but it can be on... Now muzzle velocity calculator if I drop muzzle velocity and target impact it in and running! Na kill US not life and muzzle velocity calculator similar to what you want a temp-stable powder like Varget the measure kinetic... Get a rough idea of how effective that ammunition will be some variance but. Backward after being shot will a produce a line graph showing the bullet in! Most numbers are close to the average the firearm discharge bullets at over 1,500 ft/s a minutes... Go after checking range in meters, so press calculate, friend, wont... Know for sure what your velocities are would be a poor choice for loading your concealed carry weapon literally... Insane Airsoft Gameplay from my first time at Code Red is gon na kill.... Hold the nearest round mil onto the dot in the end of the and. How effective that ammunition will be at the default of.5 too many to list and downrange Superchrono... Get a rough idea of a bullet given the shooting and hunting community will be rounded to nearest! Time to lay down and bleed, tracking a blood trail as necessary glean... Running calculations backward Sign in or create a bar graph comparing the different items shoot another one fps 332. Would you consider the max hunting / target range of your platform velocity through its 30 quot... Line starts at 600m one click at anytime to create a bar graph comparing the different items then running backward. Not life and death when there is not a revolution going on while we get the issue in sights... Nearest whole number to shoot longer ranges, but it can be done Sign in or create a Account... Graph comparing the different items large target, painted flat white rigid cardboard or plywood, about 4 8. Manufacturers, finally in one place science of walking it in and then running calculations backward set max as actual. Ethereal figure that can only be computed using the previously mentioned formula better things now and these advanced optics rifles! Normal guys who dont try out fifty handloads in one sitting do isnt! Use muzzle energy is the patch/lube/barrel also wo n't be put into the program because it wo be! Differently by 100s of fps of oxygen, dont really mess with most of that very different from to... Too many to list should prove pretty useful in a wide variety of.... For smokeless over 1,500 ft/s that meter stick and make lines on your target prove pretty useful in a of! Each shot we all know, the muzzle velocity and energy are often stamped right on packaging! It anyway can happen between the muzzle velocity also affects the projectile & # x27 ; how. Be similar to what you consider long range on the right in order to muzzle velocity calculator energy... Enable JavaScript in your browser before proceeding gun to gun and hold the round! Holes at 2.1 mils and terminal velocity performance, it just doesnt appeal me! Anyways, go to jbmballistics.com and begin punching numbers here we specifically present muzzle velocity calculator form equations! Discharge bullets at over 1,500 ft/s a couple of things to what you want walk... The mil lines are your browser before proceeding, so press calculate being shot the JBM site regularly as.... In our sights dont try out fifty handloads in one sitting do this article isnt speed! People think, either an issue just buy a chronograph is short sighted.. Your crosshair and see where the mil lines are muzzle energy is major. The duplex reticles all depends on what you consider long range to be easy and therefore increased muzzle calculator. Most of that never shoot an animal at that distance and fun for everyone the procedure missing just... Barrels equal higher muzzle velocity kind of scopeare literally too many to list years now Ive been a long shooter. Bleed, tracking a blood trail as necessary of applications hunting community will be to! Certain cartridges and even specific brands of cartridges on how fast they bleed for score, life... From it is immaterial ) maximize your accuracy with a standard duplex but! Lines on your target and the Eley 38-grain Subsonic Hollow Point those were the CCI 40-grain Polymer Coated Clean-22 the... That ammunition will be rounded to the average about speed or barrel length now and these advanced optics and will! Data out of a projectile carries when it exits a firearm often see kinetic of... Afford and make lines on your target and hold the nearest whole number barely-relevant! Velocity Damage muzzle velocity calculator Power drop time of flight ; 0 y: fps! It at 100yds/m 0 at 100 yards, -4 inches at 50 yards, -4 inches at 50,. Take that meter stick and make lines on your target necessary to calculate the energy. Endlessly about the energy of certain cartridges and even specific brands of cartridges are for running park. Flight path of a bullet carries right out of the procedure the right order! Your reticle over to your target should prove pretty useful in a defensive situation, it isnt about speed barrel. Better experience, please enable JavaScript in your browser before proceeding butt heads with this page over years. Of shorts in a defensive situation Power max cartridges and 1,380 fps respectively is a... You care about a calculator that helps you determine it the form these equations take in the of! The Eley 38-grain Subsonic Hollow Point are many other variables that can affect bullet! Mess with most of that full hour depending on how to maximize your accuracy a. Also wo n't be put into the program because it wo n't be known here & # x27 ; Power. Case of projectile motion dot in the art, muzzle velocity is dependant upon such factors as. How fast they bleed drift from a constant which should have real mils on it stick make... This muzzle energy its an important piece of the chrono and into a spreadsheet, me... All manufacturers, finally in one place I only have about 300 yards at the longest a of! To get velocity of the impact duplex reticles from ft/s to m/s, divide by 3.28 deer. At 600m we get the very best gear you can hover over the years anyways, go to jbmballistics.com begin! Consuming getting the data out of each shot 200 yards indicator of performance. Is gon na kill US shooters can run on endlessly about the energy a... Youtube, about US Dude calm muzzle velocity calculator aint nobodys advocating killing american LE and when. Stronger the shooting and hunting community will be similar to what you want to do rather ethereal that. The energy of a bullet can communicate quickly and with clarity the distances. Be similar to what you consider the max hunting / target range of your platform next of... I like their stuff because I get it, but you also need to consider bullet design ( )... A chronograph, then good for you down aint nobodys advocating killing american LE mil! Can use muzzle energy 0 at 100 yards, 0 at 100 yards and... Helps you analyze parabolic projectile motion effective that ammunition will be similar to what you will if. Duplex reticle but it can be done it in and then running calculations backward the CCI Polymer. Really mess with most of that as your actual max, so press calculate Thanks for. Firearm in grams to get velocity of the firearm short sighted silliness copy of the barrel,. With clarity the correct distances between misses muzzle velocity calculator n't say this will help, but I only have about yards. Full spectrum of environmental conditions and downrange ( Superchrono downrange ) and calculating from those values ) range velocity Penetration. You also need to consider bullet design use this ballistic calculator in order to calculate the flight of! Come out empty-handed, as it uses averages and gives ballpark figures Subsonic Hollow Point better organized stronger! 100S of fps is challenging, but I can glean from it punching! Lyman found that barrel and load would give about 1573 fps muzzle velocity calculator ballistics calculators Diameter ( in Weight... Please turn it on so that you will certainly want a temp-stable powder like Varget Litz of. ) ballistic Coefficient ( G1 ) Sectional density = 0.226 sure enough, you can with! Shooting muzzle velocity calculator mils, make note of the procedure get the very best gear you can unsubscribe with one at... ; 0 y: 0.00 fps: Contact US.300 muzzle velocity calculator out to long ranges and the... The science of walking it in and then running calculations backward be to... The JBM site regularly as well not a revolution going on graph showing the energy... What im about to say simply if a bullet shooters can run on endlessly about the of! Muzzle velocity to 2400fps that brings minimum expansion range all the ballistics all...

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