The articles inRethinking Bilingual Educationshow the many ways that teachers bring students home languages into their classroom, from powerful examples of social justice curriculum taught by bilingual teachers to ideas and strategies for how to honor students languages in schools with no bilingual program. Allen Webb,Professor of English Education, Western Michigan University and author ofLiterature and LivesandLiterature and the Web, Linda Christensen gets it. Through the exploration of Religion, Philosophy, Science, and History, you will uncover the roots of power that have made language one of the most influential forces in Human History. When we begin from the premise that students need to be fixed, invariably we design curriculum that erases students home language and culture; we fail to find the strength and beauty in the experience and heritage that students bring with them to school. WebLanguage and Power is about how language works to maintain and change power relations in contemporary society, and how understanding these processes can enable people to resist and change them. 7. : Promoting equity in dual-language classroomsDeborah Palmer, The Intersection of Language Needs and DisabilityRoberto Figueroa, Beyond Bilingual: Including multilingual students in dual-language classroomsLeah Durn, Michiko Hikida, and Ramn Antonio Martnez, Making Space for SpanishAlexandra Babino and Carol Wickstrom, El corazn de la escuela/The Heart of the School: The importance of bilingual school librariesRachel Cloues. New research by Dora Demszky and colleagues examined how Republicans and Democrats express themselves online in an attempt to understand how polarization of beliefs occurs on social media. WebWomen have always been essential to science, from uncovering fantastic fossils to getting astronauts to the Moon. Delve into Savathns Throne World, a twisted wonderland of corruption and splendor, to uncover the mystery of how she and her Lucent Hive stole the Light. He doesnt have to learn everything in one draft. 7. And Then I Went to School by Joe Suina 230 Teachers include family knowledge and stories into the academic instruction, as Peggy Morrison does when her 1st graders in Watsonville interview their parents about the life cycle of the strawberry, incorporating knowledge from their majority immigrant, farmworker community into the science curriculum. You didnt hear anyone laughing. Teaching for joy and justice means creating a curriculum that matters, a curriculum that helps students make sense of the world, that makes them feel smart educated even. As a social justice educator in a language arts classroom, I look for stories where the protagonists refuse to accept their place in society; I try to find fiction and nonfiction about people who disrupt the script society set for them. In these programs, instruction is in both the target language and English, although the ratios vary with the program. WebWhen successful, language revitalization can empower individuals and energize communities. But the joy of watching a student write a moving essay that sends chills up and down my spine or a narrative that brings the class to tears or a poem that makes us laugh out loud or the pride as a student teaches a class about the abolition movement at the elementary school across the street thats the life I choose again and again. He said he fished at the point where the water changed color, because fish school at the edge of the color change. Today, I work as the Director of the Oregon Writing Project at Lewis & Clark College, where I teach literacy classes for practicing teachers at the college and in school districts. Finally, a resource that has grassroots educators and advocates for bilingual education in mind, with clear and applicable next steps from lesson plans to policy. The same is true of language arts. When I returned to the classroom at Grant High School, I was embarrassed when I watched a videotape of my teaching. If we focus our conversations exclusively on English acquisition, we lose sight of the importance of simultaneous home language development and miss out on rich opportunities to bring students home languages into the daily curriculum. Random reflections on the power of language Democracy No single person or institution can monopolise language, however powerful they may be, as language is, by its nature, democratic. Schools must be places where our youth are empowered to learn and nourish heritage languages, to use them and spread them to the next generation. The educators who contributed toRethinking Bilingual Education show us many examples of social justice curriculum being taught in bilingual classrooms from Deaf students learning about the genocidal roots of Native American boarding schools to 1st graders inquiring into the lives of farmworkers, from high school students investigating the legacy of Afro-Mexicans to young elementary school students having challenging discussions about race and skin color. While we loved the theory, we also wanted to know what this kind of pedagogy looked like in the classroom. Behind a mask of humility, I seethed with mute rebellion. In a research project spanning eight countries, two Stanford students search for Esperanto, a constructed language, against the backdrop of European populism. When Jacoa speaks to a class of graduate students at a local college, she exudes joy in taking what she learned about Ebonics out of our high school classroom and into the university, but she speaks about justice when she tells the linguistic history of a language deemed inferior in the halls of power including schools. When I looked up, Jerald, instead of hovering, pulled away from me, from his paper. Speaking, writing and reading are integral to everyday life, where language is the primary tool for expression and communication. At This Point on the Page by William Stafford 275 They teach a language through the cultural traditions associated with that language. Those moments of empowerment and illumination are built on the foundation of hard work that often doesnt look either shining or glorious. In the first chapter, a small collection of poignant personal narratives by educators sets the frame for the book: What is at stake when language is lost? When Michael writes a stunning essay about language policy in Native American boarding schools, there is joy because he finally nails this form of academic writing, but there is also justice in talking back to years of essays filled with red marks and scarred with low grades. Teaching is like life, filled with daily routines laundry, cooking, cleaning the bathtub and then moments of brilliance. It is not a mere figure of speech to speak of spiriting someone away by means of language, Goodwill Jay by Chrysanthius Lathan 82, Writing for Justice 85 Biliteracy should be valued along with bilingualism; students should have the right to develop academic literacy in all subject matters throughout their school careers. Web1. Critical discourse analysis in practice: interpretation, explanation, and the position of the analyst. Twenty-five years ago, my husband and teaching partner, Bill Bigelow, and I became members of a critical pedagogy group with like-minded teachers from the Portland area. Privacy Policy. WebLanguage and Power is about how language works to maintain and change power relations in contemporary society, and how understanding these processes can enable people to resist and change them. Their families are denied housing, jobs, fair wages, health care, or access to decent education. On Cracking White City by James Farmer 92 Toward Models that Promote Sustained Bilingualism and Biliteracy. Nelson Mandela, in his memoir, Long Walk to Freedom, describes the affirming moment that occurred like a comet streaking across the night sky when Krune Mqhayi comes on stage dressed in traditional Xhosa clothing and speaks his language. I learned to pull books, stories, poems, and essays that helped students critically examine the world. I was the only person with my mom when she passed on. I cant expect that students know how to write when they enter my classroom, especially when so many children these days have been pressed like tarnished pennies through mechanical curriculum that promises increased test scores and delivers thin imitation writing without a hint of originality anywhere on the page. Students have the right to learn in their native languages; this belief should be at the core of any model for bilingual education. He wrote about how his father, a long-haul truck driver, read his engine and the highway. But just because students lack skills doesnt mean they lack intelligence. Chapter 5 focuses on family and communityeducators share how they involve diverse groups of parents and create family-centered curriculum. That is the central premise of this book. Carlos Lenkersdorf, Reflecting on My Mothers SpanishSalvador Gabaldn, The Struggle for Bilingual Education: An interview with bilingual education advocate Tony BezBob Peterson, English-Only to the Core: What the Common Core means for emergent bilingual youthJeff Bale, What Happened to Spanish? How about students who speak a third or fourth language at home? Critical Reflection. Linguists analyze how certain speech patterns correspond to particular behaviors, including how language can impact peoples buying decisions or influence their social media use. Teaching, really teaching, in a classroom with too many students both the engaged and the unengaged is both difficult and rewarding. And Jerald, depending on his mood, either loved the comma or left it out completely. This must have book reminds all educators that there is both joy and justice in teaching and learning when we allow ourselves to learn from teaching. I was just sitting, watching her, because we knew she was passing soon. Its popularity continues as an accessible introductory text to the field of Discourse Analysis, focusing on: how language functions in maintaining and changing power relations in modern society Studying how people use language what words and phrases they unconsciously choose and combine can help us better understand ourselves and why we behave the way we do. Respect and other Mikmaq values were embedded in everything we did. This journey will awaken you to the untapped, living potential of your voice and words. Critical discourse analysis in practice: description. Effective bilingual teachers create curriculum that brings families into the classroom. Jimmy Santiago Bacas description of the island rising beneath his feet is the image I carry into my classroom: But when at last I wrote my first words on the page, I felt an island rising beneath my feet like the back of a whale. Jurafsky said its important to study languages other than our own and how they develop over time because it can help scholars understand what lies at the foundation of humans unique way of communicating with one another. Mukk pepsitetekew, or respect your Elders, became part of the day-to-day classroom environment. Cultivando sus voces: 1st graders develop their voices learning about farmworkers Marijke Conklin, Qu es deportar?: Teaching from students lives Sandra L. Osorio, Questioning Assumptions in Dual ImmersionNessa Mahmoudi, Kill the Indian, Kill the Deaf: Teaching about the residential schoolsWendy Harris, Carrying Our Sacred Language: Teaching in a Mikmaq immersion programStarr Paul and Sherise Paul-Gould, with Anne Murray-Orr and Joanne Tompkins, Aqu y All: Exploring our lives through poetryhere and thereElizabeth Barbian, Wonders of the City/Las maravillas de la ciudadJorge Argueta, Not Too Young: Teaching 6-year-olds about skin color, race, culture, and respectRita Tenorio, Rethinking Identity: Exploring Afro-Mexican history with heritage language speakersMichelle Nicola. When Bree writes a poem so sassy that we all laugh and applaud in admiration, we rejoice in her verbal dexterity, but we recognize the justice of affirming the beauty of black/brown women whose loveliness has too often gone unpraised in our society. Poet, playwright, and actor Daniel Beaty told students at Jefferson High School that his life changed when he saw a videotape of Dr. Martin Luther King speaking. Rethinking Bilingual Education is anapproachable collection of ideas that serve to inspire educators with new insights for centering the development of critical consciousness in a variety of settings., Jody Slavick,Bilingual Research Journal, In the tradition of Rethinking Schools, the publicationRethinking Bilingual Education does not shy away from exploring issues of privilege and power, race, language, and cultureeven with the youngest of studentsand sees public education as a transformative vehicle in society, and educators as political agents. But often my students and their families are targeted because of their race or language or immigration status. Christensen is recognized as one of the countrys finest teachers. Introduction: critical language study. In this chapter, authors share how they have taught about language rights, welcomed home languages into their classrooms, and created bilingual or multilingual spaces at non-bilingual schools. As we compiled these articles, we identified some common principles that we believe should form the foundation of any bilingual program. Destiny 2: The Witch Queen. Many of the authors in this book show us how, over and over, peoples fundamental rights to their languages have been suppressedfrom boarding schools for Indigenous peoples in the United States, Australia, and Canada; to Deaf students forbidden to express themselves in sign languages; to elementary school students being physically beaten by teachers for speaking in their native tongues even today. Students, no matter what their reading and writing ability, are capable of amazing intellectual work. When I was a young woman, I remember thinking that nobody like me had ever done anything worthwhile. In them, teachers share the powerful work that they are already doing to welcome their students languages into their classrooms and keep equity at the center of their teaching. When we create writing assignments that call students memories into the classroom, we honor their heritage and their stories as worthy of study. Professors Jennifer Eberhardt and Dan Jurafsky, along with other Stanford researchers, detected racial disparities in police officers speech after analyzing more than 100 hours of body camera footage from Oakland Police. Students need to know how to use writers tools from snappy openings to anecdotal evidence to flashbacks to semicolons. Strong bilingual programs also promote equity between languages by working to honor the non-dominant language. I make their growth transparent, and we celebrate it inch-by-inch. Many of my students experience injustice. Random reflections on the power of language Democracy No single person or institution can monopolise language, however powerful they may be, as language is, by its nature, democratic. They remind me to question and sometimes to defy those in authority when Im told to participate in practices that harm children. Christensen provides practical advice to teachers with an understanding that when our students learn to write they experience a sense of joy and fulfillment. Speak It Good and Strong by Hank Sims 235 WebWhen successful, language revitalization can empower individuals and energize communities. Bilingual teachers should work hard to foster equity in their classrooms and schools by teaching anti-racist curricula, modeling respect for differences, and assuring that all students have the opportunity to see their language skills as an assetand themselves as valuable members of the classroom and broader community. WebWhen successful, language revitalization can empower individuals and energize communities. Students in low-income communities are often tossed like loose change into overcrowded and underfunded classrooms where elementary teachers didnt have enough hands, materials, or time to build every students literacy skills. With each page, each chapter, I instantly felt I knew Michael, Ananiah, Kayla, Jessica and so many other students from her days of teaching and learning at Jefferson and Grant High Schools. They consider language as a cultural, social and psychological phenomenon. 4. My unit on reading without words illustrates this point. Bilingual education has come under attack, both through legislation attempting to ban teaching in other languages and through an overwhelming emphasis on standards and high stakes testing. Stanford University. Teachers and students speak to the tragedy of language loss but also about the inspiring work to revitalize languages on the brink of disappearance and to defend and expand bilingual education programs. And, regardless of the model chosen, the communitys and staffs commitment to implementing language inclusion and equity is what ultimately determines a good program. I had become every teacher hed had over the years, the ones who told him what he couldnt do instead of showing him what he knew and understood about writing. Another model maintains a 50/50 balance from kindergarten on. They participate in writing workshops, are featured as guest speakers, teach traditions and values, and work together to advocate for the schools they want for their children. If we intend to create citizens of the world, as most school districts claim in their mission statements, then we need to teach students how to use their knowledge to create change. As we continue to rethink bilingual education, we are thankful for all of the great educators, activists, and thinkers who have been engaged in this work for many years. Rethinking Schools editor Mo Yonamine shared her story of being hit and knocked to the ground by her teacher in Okinawa for the offense of speaking their shared native language. How do we involve diverse groups of parents in our classrooms and schools? Privacy Policy. This collectionby and about NHMU's scientistswill dig into the amazing accomplishments of women in the sciences and how Discovering whats universal about languages can help us understand the core of our humanity. The stories below represent some of the ways linguists have investigated many aspects of language, including its semantics and syntax, phonetics and phonology, and its social, psychological and computational aspects. These articles describe some of these attacks and also show us some examples of how students, communities, and teachers have advocated for bilingual programs. Toxic dump in your back yard? As my mother used to say, Many hands make light work. And it is true, whether were cleaning up after a family dinner or creating a unit for a literature circle on the politics of food. Such programs have been strongly criticized by proponents of bilingual education for not fostering sustained bilingualism and biliteracy. Understanding why and how languages differ tells about the range of what is human, said Dan Jurafsky, the Jackson Eli Reynolds Professor in Humanities and chair of the Department of Linguistics in the School of Humanities and Sciences at Stanford. "And then I went to school" / by Joe Suina ; "Speak it good and strong" / by Hank Sims ; "The monitor" / by Wangari Maathai ; "Obituary" / by Lois-Ann Yamanaka ; "A piece of my heart/Pedacito de mi corazon" / by Carmen Lomas Garza It takes time to find the just-right reading material, to build a role play or tea party, to invent a curriculum from scratch that encompasses literature, history, and students lives while were teaching. WebCreating an Inclusive and Respectful School Community. Faye Peitzman, Director, UCLA Writing Project, The Role of Poetry: Community Builder, Grammar Text,and Literary Tutor 14, Raised by Women: Celebrating Our Homes 17 Rosalyn Harvey & Desire Pallais, International Journal of Bilingual Education and Bilingualism, Breathtaking and bold in these times of racist sound bites and sanctions! 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