In this company, Young served as a captain of ten.[8]. In an 1858 report to the federal Indian commissioner, Young blamed local Indians and, by implication, the United States government, whose ''fatal policy,'' he wrote, ''treats the Indians like the wolves, or other ferocious beasts.''. the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, Comprehensive History of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Phineas_Young&oldid=1133790119, American Mormon missionaries in the United States, American leaders of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, Latter Day Saint biography Infobox with missing parameters, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, This page was last edited on 15 January 2023, at 14:54. Van Vliet's mission was to inform Young that the US troops then approaching Utah did not intend to attack the Mormons, but intended to establish an army base near Salt Lake City and to request Young's cooperation in procuring supplies for the army. During Wyatt Earps later years, while he was living in Hollywood, were there any silent films or voice recordings made of him. Young believed that Lee's punishment was just but not a sufficient blood atonement, given the enormity of the crime, to allow Lee entrance into the celestial kingdom. [5], Young was married to Lucy, the half-sister of Oliver Cowdery. "For many years no person saw a smile on his countenance, Brigham, in a later sermon, told the Saints about his conversation with his brother, in consequence of the burden of the Lord upon him, and realizing that the inhabitants of the Earth had all gone out of the way and had turned every man to his own views (see Journal of Discourses, 12:95). by Will Bagley and Ron Walker | Apr 1, 2003 | Features & Gunfights. The two main contenders were James Jesse Strang and Brigham Young. It stopped immediately. ''Nothing happened in the place that did not happen under his direct orders. He stopped at the cairn the U.S. Armys First Dragoons had raised in 1859 over the grave of the emigrants whose scattered bones they had collected and buried. Heres what they have planned, Why the Christian flag can fly on this government flagpole, Breaking the fast: Eid ul-Fitr is an occasion of peace, The unique stories and struggles of Latino Muslims, The Black church, religious freedom and gay rights. Lvl 1. James H. Haslam, interview by S. A. Kenner, reported by Josiah Rogerson, 4 December 1884, typescript, 11, in Josiah Rogerson, Transcripts and Notes of John D. Lee Trials, LDS Church Archives. Latter-day Saints imagine Brigham Young as a commanding theocrat, who mobilized a crestfallen and beleaguered people after the ">death of their prophet-founder</a>, who led them on an epic exodus . Haight and Dame were also the senior regional military leaders of the Mormon militia. In 1844, after the assassination of Mormon leader Joseph Smith by an angry mob in Illinois, the Mormons choose Brigham Young as their new leader and follow him to a new promised land in Utah. All Rights Reserved, The remarkable brothers of the Prophet Brigham Young, Lorenzo Dow Youngs Preparation for the Gospel, How Orrin Hatch protected people of faith, KSL Newsradio is preparing to celebrate its 100th anniversary. James Haslam, who rode the 500-mile circuit in six days, recalled, Young told me [when riding back south] . There is a logic to this. And, as a home missionary he administered to the sick, the needy, the spiritually weak, spreading love, light and encouragement wherever he went, according to The Faithful Young Family.". * He gave the names of forty odd Mormons who took part in the massacre, and said that Brigham Young was instigator of the whole proceeding. [3], In 1840, Young moved to Scott County, Illinois when the Latter Day Saints were expelled from Missouri. Brigham Young desperately wanted to claim the region as the promised land for the persecuted Mormon people. The current round of debate may be the bluntest yet about the episode, which, in addition to investigative accounts, has inspired at least five novels in the last several years. On this Wikipedia the language links are at the top of the page across from the article title. As of early 1842, Brigham Young was a contented monogamist. [7], After Joseph Smith was killed in 1844, Young joined the majority of Latter Day Saints in accepting the leadership of Brigham Young and the Quorum of the Twelve Apostles. Lorenzo remained in that noble calling until he died, 18 years after that. Two of the southernmost establishments were Parowan and Cedar City, led respectively by stake presidents William H. Dame and Isaac C. Haight. Young read the Bible verse the soldiers had inscribed on a cedar cross atop the monument: Vengeance is mine, saith the Lord., It should read, he said, Vengeance is mine, and I have taken a little. Young then directed the desecration of the grave. setTimeout(function(){var t=document.createElement("script");t.setAttribute("src","https://sample.dragonforms.com/getEmbeddedClientScript.do?embeddedsite=TW_dispatch_nl"),t.setAttribute("type","text/javascript"),document.body.appendChild(t)},5); Become a subscriber today and youll recieve a new issue every month plus unlimited access to our full archive of backlogged issues. Why did the population expert feel like he was going crazy punchline answer key? Hamblin said he was told by Young and Smith to keep quiet, but that "as soon as we can get a court of justice, we will ferret this thing out. Of course, anti-Young historians say otherwise. John and Nabbie Young had 11 children, six daughters and five sons, beginning with Nancy in 1786 and ending with Lorenzo Dow in 1807 beginning in Hopkinton, Massachusetts, and ending in Chenango County, New York not far from the village of Palmyra, New York. Phineas Young was among the first Mormon pioneer company to reach the Salt Lake Valley in July 1847. [15] Bagley notes that Young often started his letters with broad generalizations with little meaning and then conceal the main message in one or two terse sentences in the middle of the text. Brooks has argued the massacre was an overreaction by Mormon militia forces which resulted in the death of settlers and the tarnishing of the Church's reputation. After conversion to the gospel, Lorenzo continued to be a visionary man, experiencing much by means of the Spirit which strengthened and enlightened him. Ambrose ended his book on the transcontinental railroad by recounting a talk by apostle John Taylor, who would succeed Brigham Young as church president, at the Tabernacle Golden Spike celebration. While not on missions, Young lived with the Latter Day Saints in Kirtland, Ohio and Far West, Missouri. Brigham Young and the Mountain Meadows Massacre, Young's belated message to Isaac C. Haight, acting commander of the Iron County Brigade. Why did he do nothing to return the stolen property of the 17 surviving orphans? Glendower's troops are not ready. Black print with blue underprint on cardstock. But though Mr. Bagley and Ms. Denton marshal an astonishing number of archival sources, their case against Brigham Young remains circumstantial. Ms. Denton, who is descended from Mormon settlers, said the killings were inspired primarily by greed. When the project was finished, there was still a great deal of money owed to Brigham Young by the Union Pacific and because of their financial difficulties, they were not able to meet the . There were five stalwart brothers in the John Young family. ''It's clear to us that this was not a headquarters-orchestrated project,'' said Glen Leonard, director of the Mormon Church's Museum of Church History and Art in Salt Lake City and one of that book's co-authors. Tragically, Youngs letter arrived two days after the massacre, despite one of the epic rides in Western history. . Instead, he accepted track and rolling equipment to build an extra rail line from Ogden to Salt Lake City. While several reasons for this statement may be suggested, most persuasive is the ebb and flow of the local decision-making during the weeklong event. Somehow he had the presence of mind to send this Brother Daniels to another, Brother Jeremy, who lived close by. Why did he threaten honest men who called for justice in the matter? Phineas' wife Clarissa was also baptized about this same time. True West asked the authors of both books to lay out their claims. Susa, Brighams daughter, wrote of her father: He fostered and encouraged the study and practice of music, not only in his own family, but among the people (see Life Story of Brigham Young," by Susa Young Gates and Leah D. Widtsoe). How did the widow Pratt cross 1,500 dusty miles in a mere 21 days? [5] It is unclear whether Young held this view because of a possible belief that this specific group posed a threat to colonists or that they were responsible for past crimes against Mormons. "[14] Brooks writes, "While Brigham Young and other church authorities did not specifically order the massacre, they did preach sermons and set up social conditions that made it possible." Brigham Young had no tolerance for Mormons who began to doubt the faith. The evidence has been so corruptedsuppressed, destroyed, and fabricatedits hard to determine the date the murders took place, let alone trace all the ins and outs of the conspiracy behind the crime. The document is among the Brigham Young Office Papers at the Church History Library. . While this Indian council is important and requires extended scholarly discussion, this much can be said: No evidence suggests the councils focus was the Baker-Fancher party, much less its destruction. Finally, why has so much evidence been destroyed or purged from Mormon archives, and why has so much evidence been suppressed? Even though Young blessed it as a place to begin anew,his fears of continued religious persecution may have caused him to order a massacre. Young won the leadership and Strang was considered a heretic and excommunicated from the Mormon Church. The second explanation is that the massacre was a calculated act of vengeance. He once said to his brother Brigham, "There is not a Bible Christian in the world; what will become of the people?". Three of them bore him children. One of his wives alleged he ordered the deaths of people who tried to leave the faith. Julius Caesar was stabbed to death on the ides of March.Julius Caesar was stabbed to death on the ides of March.Julius Caesar was stabbed to death on the ides of March.Julius Caesar was stabbed to death on the ides of March.Julius Caesar was stabbed to death on the ides of March.Julius Caesar was stabbed to death on the ides of March.Julius Caesar was stabbed to death on the ides of March.Julius Caesar was stabbed to death on the ides of March.Julius Caesar was stabbed to death on the ides of March. Decades later, Young's son, who was 13 in 1857, said that he was in the office during that meeting and that he remembered Lee blaming the massacre on the Native Americans. Why did he shield the murderers and allow the churchs newspaper to blame the crime on the Paiutes for a dozen years after Jacob Hamblin told him Mormons were involved? Not theories. Joseph Young was a witness to the infamous Hauns Mill massacre during the tumultuous Missouri days of the LDS Church's history, according to The Faithful Young Family.". . The crudely worded entry appears to refer to the Fancher party and suggests that Young encouraged the Indians to steal the group's cattle and engage them in a fight. While the church leaders temper and strong words at the pulpit earned him a reputation for coercion, in truth, those who knew him best often spoke of his caution and his abhorrence of bloodshed. ''The whole United States rang with its horrors,'' Mark Twain recalled years later. They were reacting to events as they took place. He graduated from college in April, finished his internship this Summer, was so happy in having a girlfriend (and her family) that he truly loved, had just aced an entrance exam for his Masters program the very last day that any of us had contact with him. In 1830, Young was contacted by Samuel H. Smith, a missionary in the recently established Latter Day Saint movement. A murder suspect accused of shooting his girlfriend, axing his 9-year-old daughter in the head, then stabbing and lighting his son on fire cross-examined the 11-year-old survivor Wednesday in a jaw-dropping courtroom scene. GLENDOWERThese signs have marked me extraordinary,And all the courses of my life do show I am not in the roll of common men. The rest is history. Mr. Bagley, who says he is a ''Jack Mormon,'' or lapsed believer, contends that the attack had less to do with greed than ideology. The most common, and the only one currently practiced by the Mormon church, is a ceremony that seals a man and a woman for time (mortal life) and eternity. Reopening a Mormon Murder Mystery; New Accusations That Brigham Young Himself Ordered an 1857 Massacre of Pioneers, https://www.nytimes.com/2002/10/12/books/reopening-mormon-murder-mystery-new-accusations-that-brigham-young-himself.html. "[13], Historians debate whether the Haight letter absolves Young of any complicity. There is room for my brown paper-doll family: 2 gospel truths I learned as a young girl that carry my faith, 7 Latter-day Saint resources that answer questions about death and the spirit world, See the stunning winners of the Churchs International Art Competition. The carriage stopped near me, and the Savior inquired where my brother Brigham was. According to her, they would try to leave Utah then turn up murdered (supposedly by Native Americans) along the way. ''It was locally planned and carried out.''. There were several times when Brigham Young's life was spared or his health inexplicably restored, according to BYU professor of Mormon History Donald Q. Cannon ("Brigham Young on Life and Death"). Young's message of reply to Haight, dated September 10, 1857, read: In regard to emigration trains passing through our settlements, we must not interfere with them until they are first notified to keep away. "John D. Lee Arrested". ''The idea that this was an Indian massacre is just absurd,'' Ms. Denton said, citing a 1999 forensic analysis that found that many of the victims had died from gunshot wounds to the head. As one of John D. Lees wives put it, The Mormons were so insulted and indignant over the death or murder of Pratt that they Raked untold Vengeance on the poor Emigrants.. The great virtue of John G. Turner's new biography of Brigham Youngthe first major study since LDS historian Leonard Arrington's Brigham Young: American Moses (1985)is the author's . In short, Youngs letter must be taken at face value: It was a determined, almost frantic, attempt to stop the massacre. How far apart were Wild Bill Hickok and Dave Tutt in their famous 1865 showdown in Springfield, Missouri? [6] Young was present in Richmond, Missouri when Cowdery died. The Mountain Meadows Massacre victimized several groups of emigrants from the northwestern Arkansas region who had started their treks to California in early 1857, joining along the way and becoming known as the BakerFancher party. On September 11, 1857, 120 men, women and childrenpioneers from Arkansas headed for Californiawere massacred after being promised safe passage through a Southern Utah valley known as Mountain Meadows. Mr. Bagley and Ms. Denton dismiss these explanations as falsehoods planted to deflect blame from church headquarters. Some testimony came in private interviews when there was no motive to lie. Brigham Young even served as president. The line was purchased by Union Pacific in 1875. From 1864 through 1871 Young served as the bishop of the Salt Lake City 2nd Ward. But do we know what awaits us after this life? "If we only looked at what Brigham Young said in 1845, we would miss . At the time of his death on August 23, 1877, Young had married 56 women-19 predeceased him, 10 divorced him, 23 survived him, and 4 are unaccounted for. After enduring a four-day gun battle with their attackers, the pioneers accepted a truce that turned out to be a deadly ploy. Scope and Contents. Brigham Young first became involved with the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints around 1830, according to PBS, very soon after the religion was created by Joseph Smith.The Church of LDS is a form of Christianity, but with additional beliefs, including that the Book of Mormon is a holy book and that the church founder, Joseph Smith, was a prophet sent by God, according to History. It misfired six times, and he then pointed it at a post and all six shots . Savage. Smith sold Young a copy of the Book of Mormon and told him that it had been translated from ancient records by his brother Joseph Smith. He asked his father, who had read the book through, what his feelings were. . And in the fall of 1842, Brigham Young faced a mysterious and deadly illness. Young retaliated by declaring martial law. But despite two trials, one execution and many official investigations, the event -- known as the Mountain Meadows massacre -- remains shrouded in mystery and rumor. [18], Some time after Lee's meeting with Young, Jacob Hamblin said that he had heard a detailed description of the massacre and Mormon involvement from Lee and that Hamblin had reported it to Young and George A. Smith soon after the massacre. The great historian Harold Schindler spent 40 years learning everything there was to know about Orrin Porter Rockwell, Man of God/Son of Thunder (the title of his definitive biography). The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints has steadfastly denied responsibility. I never had seen anything of the kind in my life," Phineas continued, but had always believed the people were living far beneath their privileges (see The Faithful Young Family: The Parents, Brothers and Sisters of Brigham," Leonard J. Arrington and JoAnn Jolley, Ensign, August 1980). After the massacre, Young stated in public forums that God had taken vengeance on the BakerFancher party. "What I'm hoping for is to close this chapter, is to . The Mountain Meadows Massacre was a horrible atrocity, and the conduct of some Mormons involved in it was deplorable: strong words from the Tabernacle pulpit, Saints seeking vengeance because of their past persecution, Youngs risky Native American alliance, senseless acts by some local Mormon leaders, Utahs troubling episodes of extralegal violence and most awful, the terrible killing at Mountain Meadows. With Tyrone Power, Linda Darnell, Dean Jagger, Brian Donlevy. "This evening I am with my wife a lone by my fire side for the first time for years," Young wrote in his diary in January 1842. Not historical conspiracies created by authors speculating about the past. In regard to emigrating trains arriving and passing through our settlements, he wrote in a letter designed to restore calm in Southern Utah, We must not interfere with them. These clear and difficult-to-misread words were rushed to Cedar City after Young received an express from local setters there telling him of pending trouble. 295 likes All Members Who Liked This Quote . [19] According to Lee, he informed Young that the Mormons were responsible. Penelope Jackson, 66, is . [2] Shortly after their baptisms, Phineas Young and Joseph Young became ordained elders in the church began preaching as missionaries in New York and Upper Canada. The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints -- the Mormon church -- has steadfastly denied responsibility, first blaming Indians and later a rogue church official for the crime. Young was not complicit in planning or executing the massacre. My nephew Matt is completely innocent. TimesMachine is an exclusive benefit for home delivery and digital subscribers. The events at Mountain Meadows do not suggest a conspiracy, and certainly none involving Young. Why did Brigham Young allegedly send a message telling Southern Utahns NOT to kill the emigrants unless he was countermanding previous orders? After this attack, Smiths successor, Brigham Young, led the Mormons West. Phineas and John were two of the early pioneers to head West and who volunteered to turn back upon the weary trail and guide other groups who were just beginning the trek, see The Faithful Young Family." Then, in 1870, Young excommunicated John D. Lee, a Mormon official and militia leader in southern Utah, because of his participation in the massacre. People make what they want of the facts in my book, Blood of the Prophets: Brigham Young and the Massacre at Mountain Meadows, but for most readers, the evidence about who ordered the massacre is overwhelming. In this case, he argues, Young saw bloodshed as a righteous act, one that would avenge the Arkansas murder of the apostle, Pratt, and send a sober warning to the United States government about the risks of invading the Mormon state. @JalelahCNA. He said the file included the notes of a Mormon historian who, at the request of church leaders, conducted a confidential investigation of the massacre in 1892. Like. "In my eyes, this is a gross miscarriage of justice. Despite the influences of a strict, moralistic family and being exposed to the religious fervor that . Brigham Young chose twenty-year-old Lucy Ann Decker Seeley for his first plural wife, and they were married by Joseph Smith on 17 June 1842. We will miss him forever. On this Wikipedia the language links are at the top of the page across from the article title. Brigham Young, who was born June 1, 1801, was the fourth son and eighth child, and he would . Lee was arrested on November 7, 1874. Not circumstantial evidence. He was always a kid at heart but also so smart and embraced the adulthood that he needed to. For instance, Joseph Smith was once attacked by an apostate from the Church, William Law, who "attempted to kill Joseph and fired a pistol at him six times at close range. Phineas, the third son, had struggled with the enticements of the world before finding a spiritual identity near the age of 24, when he forsook his former companions and pursuits, and prayed fervently to the Lord until he, too, accepted Methodism and became a preacher, according to The Faithful Young Family.". 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