While many women spoke out against alcohol, many in the movement perceived women and children as the chief victims of alcohol consumption, as their husbands and sons suffered from alcohols effects, spent the familys money on alcohol, spent their time in bars and saloons rather than in the family home, and sometimes became violent when drunk. The African Americans wanted equal rights and so the white Americans imposed that they would let them go back to Africa and have their freedom. What were the major goals of antebellum reform? \text{EXPENSES}\\ The message held the greatest appeal for those without power in society. Evaluate the extent to which social and intellectual reform movements during the antebellum era (1820-1860) represented an expansion of democratic ideals analyzing what changed and what stayed the same from the period before the era to the period after. The end of slavery would come about gradually under this ideal. Learn . Seneca Falls Convention, 1848. Why? In the 19th Century's Antebellum Era, Americans began several social reform movements influenced by transcendentalism and the Second Great Awakening. Moreover, her reports on jails also aided in the efforts to reform prisons. Do not delete this text first. Evangelical churches became tightlyknit communities that sought to transform society first as a force that determined and enforced values, morality, and conduct, and second, by outreach through moral reform societies that concentrated on reforming personal vices such as drinking, sexual misconduct, and gambling. ASSETSCurrentAssetsCashCertificateofDepositAccountsReceivable(NetofEstimatedUncollectiblesof$100,000in2012and$160,000in2013)MerchandiseInventoryPrepaymentsTotalCurrentAssetsInvestmentsChicagoFinanceCorporation(40%Owned)RosenwaldCompany(50%Owned)HutchinsonCompany(25%Owned)TotalInvestmentsProperty,Plant,andEquipmentLandBuildingMachineryandEquipmentPropertyRightsAcquiredUnderLeaseTotalLessAccumulatedDepreciationandAmortizationTotalProperty,Plant,andEquipmentIntangibles(atNetCarryingValue)PatentGoodwillTotalIntangiblesTotalAssetsLIABILITIESANDSHAREHOLDERSEQUITYCurrentLiabilitiesAccountsPayableAdvancesfromCustomersSalariesPayableIncomeTaxesPayableRentReceivedinAdvanceOtherCurrentLiabilitiesTotalCurrentLiabilitiesLong-TermDebtBondsPayableEquipmentMortgageIndebtednessCapitalizedLeaseObligationTotalLong-TermDebtDeferredTaxLiabilityShareholdersEquityConvertiblePreferredStockCommonStockAdditionalPaid-InCapitalRetainedEarningsTotalLessCostofTreasurySharesTotalShareholdersEquityTotalLiabilitiesandShareholdersEquity$100,000225,000600,0001,800,000200,000$2,925,000$4,000,0001,025,000175,000$5,200,000$500,0004,000,0008,000,0001,500,000$14,000,000(4,000,000)$10,000,000$750,0001,125,000$1,875,000$20,000,000$550,000640,000300,000430,00050,000460,000$2,430,000$3,648,000332,0001,020,000$5,000,000$1,570,000$2,000,0002,000,0003,000,0005,000,000$12,000,000(1,000,000)$11,000,000$20,000,000$200,000500,0001,500,000200,000$2,400,000$2,200,000900,000100,000$3,200,000$400,0004,000,0007,300,0001,500,000$13,200,000(3,800,000)$9,400,000$875,0001,125,000$2,000,000$17,000,000$400,000660,000240,000300,000200,000$1,800,000$3,600,0001,300,0001,100,000$6,000,000$1,400,000$2,000,0002,000,0002,400,0002,800,000$9,200,000(1,400,000)$7,800,000$17,000,000. Because it was generally inclusive of everyone, the message was spread to men and women, to rich and poor, and among slaves and free blacks alike. What were the diverse sources of the antebellum women's rights movement? Antebellum reform efforts aimed at perfecting the spiritual and social worlds of individuals, and as an outgrowth of those concerns, some reformers moved in the direction of ensuring the health of American citizens. After the conspiracy was quelled, white Charlestonians accused black congregations of the same offense: falsifying and misinterpreting the Bible. The Unitarian movement spread through many of the Congregationalist churches of the area. Some, like Garrison, favored fiery calls and no moderation; at a rally in 1854, Garrison asserted that there could be no union with slaveholders and called the U.S. Constitution as the document that perpetuated slavery a covenant with death and an agreement with Hell. Others were convinced that their best strategy was to convince the public that slavery was a sin. They worked tirelessly to promote the ideals of liberty, equality, and justice for all. \text{Cash}& \$ 100,000 &\$ 200,000\\ Other important politicians, including James Madison and Abraham Lincoln, favored repatriation rather than emancipation. But one of the greatest frustrations that many black abolitionists faced was the racism they sometimes experienced from their fellow white abolitionists. We also acknowledge previous National Science Foundation support under grant numbers 1246120, 1525057, and 1413739. White abolitionists warned him that people would cease to believe that he had ever been enslaved if he sounded too educated and advised him to leave the complex analysis to the whites. The struggle to end slavery has a long history both globally and in the United States; indeed, the struggle to end slavery emerged at roughly the same time as slavery itself. Merchants with commercial ties to the South. Nevertheless, the American Colonization Society (ACS) emerged as the main voice of colonizationists in the United States. Evangelical in nature, it stressed that salvation was available to all through free will. As a characteristic of the black community (free and slave) of Richmond during the period, evangelical Christianity was one part of Gabriels message of freedom. So they want to stay in the United States. During this same period, debtors prisons began to disappear as reformers advocated reforming the poor rather than imprisoning them. They also spent time helping with their husbands and whatever their needs were to promote the best work. Preferred Pace of Life Walker stood as a vocal opponent of colonization, saying that the United States belonged more to African Americans than to whites, because the black population had earned the country with their blood and tears.. Much of this perception stems from the Cult of Domesticity. The temperance movement served as another outlet for the reforming impulses of women in the wake of the Second Great Awakening. This led to a women's movement that would run side by side with the abolition movement for equal rights among all people that live in the United States. For some members of the movement, the idea meant the end of slavery; for others, it was an answer for racial tensions in the United States. The rebellion was quelled by a local militia, who killed or captured many of the insurrectionists. Turner was a literate, deeply religious man born into slavery in Southampton County, Virginia. Many mentally ill individuals eventually ended up imprisoned as well, as no facilities for the treatment of the mentally ill existed. It declared that all men and women are created equal, and went on to list the repeated injuries and usurpations on the part of man toward women, including that He has compelled her to submit to laws, in the formation of which she had no voice, and He has taken from her all right in property, even to the wages she earns. The Declaration of Sentiments formed the basis of the goals of the womens rights movement that lasted throughout the rest of the century. 0.080.080.08 Both were popularly-rooted movements that emphasized conversion and a spiritual rebirth through personal religious experiences. Antebellum Reforms: A Women's Rights Movement. Camp meetings were a new form of religious expression for the United States. In western New York, revival movements inspired many new religious sects as well as social reform. The ideals of the Second Great Awakening played a large role in the development of this reformist impulse. The account spoke at length of Turners religiously informed views of slavery and of his interpretations of the Bible. However, there were limits to spiritual equality; although all were spiritually equal in the eyes of God, for many believers, African Americans and women were still inferior to white men in all other ways. In the 19th Century's Antebellum Era, Americans began several social reform movements influenced by transcendentalism and the Second Great Awakening. What is its accounts receivable turnover? Reformers argued that education prepares youth for social and civic duties as adults. Many different kinds of Americans worked in the reform movement. Hudson River school of art: Americans painters also sought to achieve a sense of nationality in art. \text{Income TaxesCurrent}&& 1,430,000\\ In Appalachia and the South, the Second Great Awakening brought a sense of community and provided entertainment in isolated rural and frontier areas. Further reproduction prohibited without . Although black and white abolitionists worked closely together in the movement and usually worked well together, African Americans experienced racial prejudice even within the abolitionist movement. \text{Salaries Payable}& 300,000& 240,000\\ According to many antebellum reformers, intemperance (drunkenness) stood as the most troubling problem in the United States, one that eroded morality, Christianity, and played a starring role in corrupting American democracy. Angelina later married Theodore Dwight Weld, a prominent abolitionist preacher. By helping others, they asserted their worth while at the same time alleviating social ills. The sisters spoke before state legislations and were among the first women to speak in public forums before mixed sex groups. Black and white abolitionists often had different agendas by the 1840s, and certainly in the 1850s. \text{Amortization of Patent} &&125,000\\ In the north, the Second Great Awakenings message and movement was just as powerful as in the South, and perhaps even more so. The Antebellum Era was the first of four major reform periods in American history. )%2F13%253A_Antebellum_Revival_and_Reform%2F13.01%253A_Religious_Reforms_in_the_Antebellum_United_States, \( \newcommand{\vecs}[1]{\overset { \scriptstyle \rightharpoonup} {\mathbf{#1}}}\) \( \newcommand{\vecd}[1]{\overset{-\!-\!\rightharpoonup}{\vphantom{a}\smash{#1}}} \)\(\newcommand{\id}{\mathrm{id}}\) \( \newcommand{\Span}{\mathrm{span}}\) \( \newcommand{\kernel}{\mathrm{null}\,}\) \( \newcommand{\range}{\mathrm{range}\,}\) \( \newcommand{\RealPart}{\mathrm{Re}}\) \( \newcommand{\ImaginaryPart}{\mathrm{Im}}\) \( \newcommand{\Argument}{\mathrm{Arg}}\) \( \newcommand{\norm}[1]{\| #1 \|}\) \( \newcommand{\inner}[2]{\langle #1, #2 \rangle}\) \( \newcommand{\Span}{\mathrm{span}}\) \(\newcommand{\id}{\mathrm{id}}\) \( \newcommand{\Span}{\mathrm{span}}\) \( \newcommand{\kernel}{\mathrm{null}\,}\) \( \newcommand{\range}{\mathrm{range}\,}\) \( \newcommand{\RealPart}{\mathrm{Re}}\) \( \newcommand{\ImaginaryPart}{\mathrm{Im}}\) \( \newcommand{\Argument}{\mathrm{Arg}}\) \( \newcommand{\norm}[1]{\| #1 \|}\) \( \newcommand{\inner}[2]{\langle #1, #2 \rangle}\) \( \newcommand{\Span}{\mathrm{span}}\)\(\newcommand{\AA}{\unicode[.8,0]{x212B}}\), 13.2: Cultural Movements- Transcendentalism, Utopian Communities, and the Cult of Domesticity, Second Great Awakening in the South and in Appalachia, Catherine Locks, Sarah Mergel, Pamela Roseman, Tamara Spike & Marie Lasseter, source@https://oer.galileo.usg.edu/history-textbooks/1/, status page at https://status.libretexts.org. \text{Other Current Liabilities}& 460,000 &200,000\\ In 1833, Garrison was among the group that founded the American Anti-Slavery Society. \quad\text{Total Revenues}&& \$16,120,000\\ The Book of Mormon was published in 1830, and Smith began the formation of his church. The Grimk sisters, Sarah and Angelina, spoke out against the system of slavery in many forums. As a result, some African American congregants left the evangelical churches because of racial discrimination or because they were barred from leadership positions within the church and founded their own evangelical denominations, such as the African Methodist Episcopal (AME) church. Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. The LibreTexts libraries arePowered by NICE CXone Expertand are supported by the Department of Education Open Textbook Pilot Project, the UC Davis Office of the Provost, the UC Davis Library, the California State University Affordable Learning Solutions Program, and Merlot. Others sought to build and improve public and state institutions such as prisons, asylums, and schools. The abolitionist emblem - a portrait of a slave in chains coupled with the motto "Am I Not a Man and a Brother?" They were subsequently executed. Dr. William Ellery Channing, one of the leading preachers and theologians of the Unitarian Church, preached on the great potential of humans. Its roots lay in the revivals of the Second Great Awakening, where religious reformers called for individuals to lead clean lives and to redeem their sinning neighbors. Teachers tend to be so . \text{Equity in Earnings of Affiliates:}\\ Give Me Liberty Ch. (1) The only transaction affecting common or preferred shares during 2013 was the sale of treasury stock. Like many religious movements of the day, Mormons believed in the imminent Second Coming of Jesus. Antebellum culture in America reflected the growing sectional crisis, at times seeking to pave over sectional differences and at other times making light of them. The wealthy engaged private tutors and academies. This page titled 13.1: Religious Reforms in the Antebellum United States is shared under a CC BY-SA 4.0 license and was authored, remixed, and/or curated by Catherine Locks, Sarah Mergel, Pamela Roseman, Tamara Spike & Marie Lasseter (GALILEO Open Learning Materials) via source content that was edited to the style and standards of the LibreTexts platform; a detailed edit history is available upon request. For the urban poor, a very few were able to attend private charitable schools. The difference were common school and institution was open to all children and were getting educated, a free training for individuals. You should study the financial statements before responding to these questions and problems. An important example of the abolitionist voice in the South came from sisters from Charleston, South Carolina who had migrated north and become Quakers because of their abolitionism. Consolidated Statement of Income and The angel led him to a hillside near his fathers farm and revealed the Book of Mormon, etched on golden tablets. Religious reformers preached that individuals were responsible to seek out their own salvation and hoped to regenerate and perfect society through individual conversions. The American Anti-Slavery Society (AASS) (1833-1870) was an abolitionist society founded by William Lloyd Garrison, and Arthur Tappan. The earliest womens colleges were founded in the 1830s: the Georgia Female College in Macon, Georgia (now Wesleyan College), founded in 1836, and Mount Holyoke Female Seminary in South Hadley, Massachusetts (Now Mount Holyoke College), founded in 1837. "Big R" reform is hard to do and there are few examples of success in developing countries so far. All over the country, African Americans joined the Baptist, Methodist, and other churches, in part as a response to the message of spiritual equality. Transcendentalism's roots were in American Christianity. \quad\text{Chicago Finance Corporation}& \$1,800,000\\ The era of reform was born in part from religious reformation: the charge to seek perfection, live a righteous life, and to help redeem sinners spread beyond church and camp meeting. \quad\text{Average Shares Outstanding)} &&\$ 2.68\\ One of the most widespread of the reform movements in the 1820s-1840s was the temperance movement, which called for reducing the use of (or abstaining from) alcoholic beverages. Consider the following sample data. Douglass was a skilled orator and a prolific writer. In the early nineteenth century, the United States was becoming a more diverse nation; the new varieties of Protestantism were one reflection of this change. Americans consumed huge quantities of liquor in the early 1800s, including gin, whiskey, rum, and brandy. Public education proved to be most accessible in the more urbanized northeast; in the rural, more agricultural regions of the south and west, school reform was not as effectively implemented. By 1850, about 3.2 million slaves labored in the United States, 1.8 million of whom worked in the cotton fields. 2 One reform in particular that has shaped human rights and rehabilitation is the Prison and Asylum Reforms of the 1830s. Indeed, many slave owners feared the message of spiritual equality, so they kept the evangelists out. d. 12.0012.0012.00 In the early nineteenth century, a succession of religious revivals collectively known as the Second Great Awakening remade the nation's religious landscape. The Burned-Over District was not only the site of revivals of the Protestant denominations of the Second Great Awakening, but also the birthplace of new religious movements such as the Millerites, a millennial group who preached that the Second Advent (or second coming) of Jesus was imminent. \text{Depreciation of Plant and Equipment and Amortization}\\ Before the early 1800s, education for most Americans was very basic. Required \quad\text{Total Assets}& \$20,000,000 &\$17,000,000\\ There, the convention refused to seat the American female delegates. \quad\text{Dividends on Common Shares}&& (2,080,000)\\ What are the other consequences? The similarities and differences between the common school and institution like asylums, orphanages, and prisons that were created by reformers are the similarities were the intent to remake human beings into free, morally upright citizens and shared with communitarians and religious believers. Many Americans found this radical notion of racial equality and the call to end these restrictive laws intimidating or even frightening. The first, in which . Accessibility StatementFor more information contact us atinfo@libretexts.orgor check out our status page at https://status.libretexts.org. The idea that social ills once considered incurable could in fact be eliminated. American reformers believed that their country was destined to become a great democracy. Abolitionists differed in their ideas about how to effectively bring about the end of slavery. \textbf{Current Liabilities}\\ \text{Deferred Tax Liability} &\$ 1,570,000 &\$ 1,400,000\\ \text{Accounts Payable}& \$ 550,000 &\$ 400,000\\ They found a lot of support abroad and there were many books and article published form other countries supporting reform . American reformers also sought to implement school reform. Was used as an avenue to social advancement and was shared by the early labor movement, which made the establishment of common schools one of its goals. These movements were generally more active in the Northern states. "Neither a Slave nor a King" intervenes in the scholarly debate over the "antislavery origins" of the sectional crisis in antebellum America - how the rise of a northern antislavery movement escalated the sectional tensions that led to southern secession and the Civil War. \text{Basic Earnings per Common Share (Based on 1,600,000} \\ To the eyes of many reformers, the movements in abolition and womens rights had much in common; many who worked to end slavery also called for the emancipation of women. Indeed, the womens rights movement had largely grown out of the anti-slavery movement. Chief among these physicians was Dr. Benjamin Rush of Pennsylvania. Antebellum Reform Americans after 1815 embraced many religios and social movements in pursuit of solutions for the problems, evils, and misfortunes of mankind. The abolitionist sentiment was also present in the South. Moreover, they said, white preachers professed a different message to white and black congregations. In numerous ways, the organized womens rights movement grew out of abolitionist organizations and the movement of the early 1800s. Many prominent African American abolitionists such as Frederick Douglass were members of the Society. Early nineteenth-century America was a time of reform. The antebellum period was marked by several major slave uprisings. ), { "13.01:_Religious_Reforms_in_the_Antebellum_United_States" : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.
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