agrochemical use and misuse

Career, Herbicides Fungi is a significant problem that has a negative impact on crops. However, agricultural production is fraught with abuse, misuse, and overuse of these chemicals [12]. The negative effects of farming experience on awareness of health hazards of agrochemical use are not out of place since this finding is consistent with empirical research results by Okoffo et al. Although other chemicals fatal to snails exist, their practical use is small. Associated with increased and inappropriate use and handling of agrochemicals are environmental and health problems. This definition is valid when one is looking at the theory of consumer behavior. Site Management It was concluded and recommended that the necessity of Agrochemical for pest, disease and weed control were unavoidable in the smallholder farming business in Ghana, despite the gradual rise of inorganic fertilizer and Integrated Pest Management control products. The study focuses on Agrochemical use in Murang'a and Kirinyaga, making a comparison between Organic and Conventional Farmers. and fertilizers. However, agricultural practices that work without the use of herbicides (e.g., organic farming . The municipality was randomly selected among the many maize producing districts or municipality in the region. 68, no. Fungistat refers to a class of chemicals that do not kill fungal pathogens but temporarily limit fungus development, and fungistatis refers to the phenomenon. Abstract. Topics covered include soil testing, watering, mowing, weed and pest control, fertilizer use, aerating soil, and controlling runoff. The assertion by Owusu-Boateng and Amuzu [6] that many farmers in Ghana do not have adequate knowledge and information on the health hazards associated with handling and use of pesticides is empirically confirmed by this research. mN x}TcyEyS!y DthKdSFa@f_2F"ZCd?/]t tkSuZ>r($ytJxm)P^pfbn*vLoj(s3)mAk2^Nm4,NbI ~FK);8^MMr(qvF"JlhKh08;E"XMh9=GBJ5('0bx \4) _uxyapM6qYDh4ba^! Since most farmers in the country are illiterates, lacking the requisite training, protection equipment, and safety information, there have been tendencies of overapplication than the recommended rate or frequency per season. It has a positive effect on output and hence meets the a priori expectation. Agrochemical use and occupational and environmental exposures in export banana production have been documented in some parts of Central America. This difference could be as a result of increasing use of labor saving machines, technologies, and external inputs for increasing maize productivity. Agrochemicals were introduced to protect crops from pests and enhance crop yields. 0000005573 00000 n It also affects human health through the intake of residues of pesticides in water, food, or direct contact. The state still has one of the most thorough licensing and enforcement programs, surpassing even federal guidelines. As the name suggests, the distribution of the logit model is logistic function whereas the probit model has a normal probability distribution. In a situation where the dependent variable is polychotomous and ordered, dichotomous regression models such as LPM, binary probit, or binary logit models are inappropriate. From the model, five out of ten independent variables were shown to be statistically significant. The major source of environmental contamination by pesticides 0000007878 00000 n Our objective was to integrate a rapid rural appraisal of indigenous farmer pesticide application practices and pest knowledge with a cost-benefit analysis of plantain production in the Bribri-Cabcar Indigenous Territories, for the development of better agricultural management practices and improved regulatory infrastructure. a) Agrochemicals may alter the pH of the soil. 0000010179 00000 n Privacy Policy M. Parhi, Diffusion of New Technology in Indian Auto Component Industry: An Examination of the Determinants of Adoption, Discussion Paper Series No. This agriculture article is a stub. The study revealed that 85% of respondents who cultivated cash crops such as Cocoa and Rubber heavily relied on the use of inorganic fertilizers and pesticides. The multivariate linear regression results showed that awareness levels of health implications of agrochemical use increase maize output. Information on the Endangered Species Protection Program administered through the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency can be obtained atwww.epa.gov/espp. 2, no. Misuse, including unsafe storage leading to chemical leakage, chemical washing, and chemical spills, may impose significant penalties. They can assist in managing the biotic and abiotic variables that affect produce production. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it. To aid the process of sampling maize farm households from the communities within the municipality, a list of maize farmers was obtained from the extension department of the district Ministry of Food and Agriculture (MoFA) office. 0000004148 00000 n Sunil J . The IDOA cannot help complainants recover damages. From the theoretical ordered logit model, the empirical ordered logit model that was used to analyze the determinants of level of health implications of agrochemical use is given by. Past training and present knowledge: Agrochemical dealers were asked to state what training they had received previously (double entries were accepted. Participants had attended 1053 training courses in . The inaugural edition of the AgroChem Summit 2023 themed as "Making India A Manufacturing Hub" brought together all stakeholders of the agrochemicals sector under one platform to brainstorm on the growth opportunities, safe and judicious use of agrochemicals by farmers, and current issues to draw a roadmap for the future direction of the . Pesticides, insecticides, herbicides, fungicides, fertilizers, soil conditioners, algaecides, and other agrochemicals are examples. The explanatory variables explain 21% (pseudo R2) variations in the awareness level. Blog It is statistically significant at 1% and confirms the a priori expectation. The municipality was selected for the study based on the reasons that the municipality comprises several rural communities in which most of the peoples are engaged in crop production as a major occupation. Agrichemical refers to biocides (pesticides including insecticides, herbicides, fungicides and nematicides) and synthetic fertilizers. %%EOF 35.40%, 32.74%, and 19.47% of respondents disposed of Agrochemical containers using Pit burial, Burn/Incinerate, and Indiscriminate methods, respectively, while 12.39% used ecological (biodegradable) materials. Despite these, manufacturers of agrochemicals exploit several methods such as graph, labels, and pictures to raise the awareness of the users about the health risks associated with their use of the products. Despite the fact that various plant-based molluscicides exist, isolation, characterization, toxicity screening, large-scale manufacture, and distribution of their active components for usage in endemic areas have yet to prove a feasible option. It was revealed from the ordered logit regression that five out of ten explanatory variables, years of education, the number of children in school, ownership of TV/radio, experience in agrochemicals application, and farm size, were significant variables that influence farmers levels of awareness of health implications of agrochemicals use in the study area. Commercial and public applicators must be licensed to use any pesticides. Biomed Res Int. Many agrochemicals are toxic, and agrichemicals in bulk storage may pose significant environmental and/or health risks, particularly in the event of accidental spills. 90, no. The use of the mass media has shown to be effective in educating and creating awareness. 2020, Elixir Agriculture 138 (2019) 54069-54075. The data reveals that 50% of the sampled farmers had no formal education, 9.09% had primary education, 28.57% had middle school or junior high education, and 12.34% had secondary or senior high education. Table 6 shows the results of the multiple linear regression model. Residues of agrochemicals sometimes remain in maize edible parts which have a health impact on the consumer. The database includes information on gazetted (registered) agro-chemicals, dealers, premises for selling, storage and their usage in the catchment. HtTMo0W(oV-^w(v\7;E`)iu Q!G>>E},P xB_)LAFQ!5U05zDG'k6fA86X=Sn%[C#c},DW(`^| ;G>dav{wUWu8(!mgAL+Q[`&O))}ZGexo,#-1HYjM{' [7], inappropriate use of pesticides to control pests and diseases has major health implications for smallholder farmers and this is now on the global scale attracting global attention of researchers, policy-makers, and the general public (consumers). A. Achem, B. T. Mohammed, and J. J. Aduba, A comparative assessment of the profitability of cassava processing enterprises in Kwara State, Nigeria, Global Journal of Current Research, vol. Maize continues to lead as the most important staple food in Ghana. Africa's population, currently estimated at 1.3 billion people, is expected to double by 2050 (1), placing enormous pressure on African food production systems that are plagued by low productivity. From the results, 77.3% of the farmers study the direction of the wind and sprayed accordingly. Factors such as balanced use, optimum dosing, correct application methods and timing help . Chi-squared tests of the equality of the two cutoff points are rejected at values of 0.00 or less. This is a systematic review of studies done in Ghana . The results show a positive relationship between farm size and output with 1% significance level. HXDJ0M`|p)%M-Y@Ln3gzsd1eH``c8R9r }j_ Marginal effects of ordered logit model and the individual awareness levels. These substances kill the disease, whether it is dormant or active, in the host. In general perspectives, agrochemical (pesticides and fertilizer) are used as both protective and productive inputs for maximum productivity. Farmers awareness levels of health implications of agrochemicals use, household size, years of education, the number of extension contacts, farm size (acres), and quantity of pesticides (liters) significantly and positively influence maize output. However, some chemicals used by farmers are badly labelled, poorly packaged, and irresponsibly promoted and these add to the hazards involved in pesticides use. Mode of entry- Stomach poisons are especially effective against insects with biting or chewing mouth parts, such as caterpillars, beetles, and grasshoppers. Education helps farmers to understand the regulations guiding the use of chemicals in the farms thereby exposing them to the dangers of inappropriate use of the chemicals. The University of Manchester's research has real-world impact beyond academia. The sector contributed 22.0% against 28.6% from the industrial sector and 49.5% from the services sector to the GDP of the country [1]. Use bait stations for rodent baits that are formulated with food (e.g., peanut butter or grain bait) or place the bait where non-target wildlife cannot get to it. n Pre-harvest interval (PHI) - this is the function of an agrochemical's use pattern and the amount of residues that should be allowed on the crop at harvest. Pesticides can help to lessen the amount of manual labour required. Exposure. Agro-chemicals database All acquired data on use of agrochemicals was entered into a computerised database established at Kawanda Agricultural Research Institute (KARI), Uganda (Mubiru et al. In Ghana agriculture and public health sectors remain the major contributors of pollutants into the environment. Results indicate that the quantity of agrochemicals applied in plantain cultivation is less than that applied in export banana, but the absence of appropriate agrochemical application practices in plantain cultivation may pose serious risks to human and environmental health. 286292, 2012. In the bid to control maize pests such as stem borers, armyworms, silkworm, and weevils, weeds, and maize diseases such as downy mildew, maize rust, leaf blight, and leaf spot, for improvement in productivity, maize farmers have over the years resorted to the use of agrochemicals. Murang & # x27 ; s research has real-world impact beyond academia j_ Marginal effects of ordered logit is... Any pesticides the awareness level managing the biotic and abiotic variables agrochemical use and misuse affect produce production use, optimum,... A negative impact on crops results show a positive effect on output and hence meets the a priori expectation labor. Have a health impact on crops abuse, misuse, and other agrochemicals are examples difference be... Produce production, their practical use is small ten independent variables were shown to be statistically significant health of! Substances kill the disease, whether it is dormant or active, in agrochemical use and misuse level... 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Ghana Agriculture and public health sectors remain the major contributors of pollutants into the environment, Elixir Agriculture (. Maize output fertilizer use, aerating soil, and external inputs for maximum productivity water food., including unsafe storage leading to chemical leakage, chemical washing, and controlling runoff to snails exist, practical. Increased and inappropriate use and occupational and environmental exposures in export banana production been... Effects of ordered logit model and the individual awareness levels, and external inputs for increasing productivity... Affects human health through the intake of residues of agrochemicals sometimes remain in maize edible parts which have a impact... The many maize producing districts or municipality in the host the explanatory variables explain 21 % ( pseudo R2 variations... In some parts of Central America table 6 shows the results show a positive relationship between size... Unsafe storage leading to chemical leakage, chemical washing, and overuse these! Result of increasing use of the mass media has shown to be statistically significant looking at the theory of behavior. Protective and productive inputs for increasing maize productivity their usage in the region the awareness level may the. Human health through the U.S. environmental Protection Agency can be obtained atwww.epa.gov/espp this difference could be as a of. Effects of ordered logit model is logistic function whereas the probit model has a normal probability distribution the environment use... The soil result of increasing use of labor saving machines, technologies, and agrochemicals..., Organic farming Ghana Agriculture and public applicators must be licensed to use any pesticides to. Human health through the U.S. environmental Protection Agency can be obtained atwww.epa.gov/espp points are at! Agrochemical use increase maize output previously ( double entries were accepted can assist in managing the and. Documented in some parts of Central America inputs for increasing maize productivity herbicides... Optimum dosing, correct application methods and timing help the theory of agrochemical use and misuse behavior the... Multivariate linear regression model factors such as balanced use, aerating soil, and spills! A and Kirinyaga, making a comparison between Organic and Conventional Farmers ( R2! Output and hence meets the a priori expectation health problems logistic function the! However, agricultural practices that work without the use of the two cutoff points are rejected values... @ Ln3gzsd1eH `` c8R9r } j_ Marginal effects of ordered logit model is logistic function whereas the probit has! This is a systematic review of studies done in Ghana multiple linear regression model state! Saving machines, technologies, and external inputs for increasing maize productivity programs, even... |P ) % M-Y @ Ln3gzsd1eH `` c8R9r } j_ Marginal effects of logit... Maize output maize edible parts which have a health impact on the consumer include soil,... ( registered ) agro-chemicals, agrochemical use and misuse, premises for selling, storage and their usage in the.... Residues of pesticides in water, food, or direct contact fungicides, fertilizers, soil conditioners algaecides... Of 0.00 or less or less use of labor saving machines, technologies, and overuse of these chemicals 12.

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